Carburetor



' C. L. RAYFIELD CARBURETOR,

Filed Dec. 16, 1916 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 C. L. RAYFIELD CARBURETOR Filed Dec. 16. 1916 May 13, 1924. 1,493,567

. c. L. RAYFIELD CARBURETOR Filed Dec. 16. 1916 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 \A/ EESESZ @Q Q2 I May 9 I Filed Dec. 16. 1916 1,493,567 c. 1.,, RAYFlELD CARBURETOR 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 E 1 g3 5%r/aila? Patented May 13, 1924.

STATES PATENT caries.

CHARLES L. RAYFIELD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNO'R TO BENEKE & K ROPF MFG. 00., OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

CARBURE'I'OB.

' Application filed December 16, 1916. Serial No. 137,875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. RAYFIELD,

so as to open proportionately with the move;

ment of said air valve and is mounted within the stem of said valve to afford a compact assembly of the parts, and further forming a part of a dash pot and piston mechanism so that fuel under pressure may be forced upwardly through the fuel valve with sudden opening movements of the air valve.

It is an object therefore of this invention to construct a carburetor wherein the fuel is admitted proportionately with the opening of the automatic air valve, and distributed at the opening for the air into the carburetor at the point at which the air is 80 traveling at high velocity, so that atomization of the fuel takes place by the air im-- mediately entering the carburetor, thus int-suring good carburetion, and with mechanism associated with the fuel inlet means and automatic air inlet valve to supply fuel under pressure through the fuel inlet means with sudden drafts through the carburetor, as when acceleration demands are made upon the engine, thereby supplying a rich mixture for the purpose. 7

It is also an object of this invention to provide a carburetor embodying a compact arrangement of an automatic air inlet valve, fuel inlet means, and piston dash pot construction to force fuel under pressure through the fuel inlet means due to opening movement of the automatic air inlet "alve, and with means interconnectedtherewith to admit an additional supply of air into the carburetor upon extreme opening movements of the automatic air valve.

It is also an object of'this invention to construct a carburetor wherein the fuel is all adjusted to admitted through an annular opening around the air valve into the path of the entering air at the point of greatest velocity thereof, and forming a part of a dash pot construction, for forcing the fuel under pressure through said outlet under sudden acceleration demands upon the engine, which cause sudden opening movement of the airvalve.

It is furthermore an important object of this invention to construct a carburetor embracing an automatic air inlet valve. having a fuel nozzle inlet means formed in the stem thereof to open proportionately with move ment of the air valve, and to admit the fuel through an annular opening around the periphery of the air valve at the point of the greatest velocity of the entering air to thoroughly atomize the fuel, and with the dash pot mechanism associated with said air valve to force the fuel through the fuel inlet means under pressure due to sudden opening movements of the air valve, together with means for supplying additional air to the carburetor for extreme opening movements of the automatic valve in combination with an auxiliary fuel jet adapted for use in supplying fuel during idling of the engine, and connected to a dash control to increase the supply of fuel for the mixture, together with means for supplying raw fuel directly into the manifold of the engine be- 85 vond the throttle valve when the throttle valve is closed.

' It is finally an object of this invention to construct a carburetor embodying a compact assembly of the parts and operating efficiently to thoroughly carburet the entering air passing through the carburetor, and with the different cont-rolling elements ermit adaptation of the carburetor to di erent types of engines for as proper carburetion thereof. a

The invention (ina preferred form) is illustrated in the drawings and hereinafter more fully described. ()n the drawings:

Figure 1 is a central vertical section of a carburetor embodying the principles of my invention, illustrating the partsvln normal position of adjustment.

5 Figure '2 is a similar view illustrating the 3% parts in an adjusted positioa.

Figure 3 is a detail section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1, with parts omitted and parts shown in plan.

Figure 4 is a view on line L- l of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a bottom plan view of the dash pot piston, with the valve stem or piston rod on which it is loosely mounted shown in section.

Figure 6 is a detail section taken on line 66 of Figure 3, with parts omitted and parts shown in elevation.

Figure 7 is a detail section taken on line 7-7 of Figure 3, with parts in elevation.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary detail section taken on line 8-8 of Figure 1, with parts omitted.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary detail section taken on line 99 of Figure 1.

Figure 10 is a detail section taken on line 1010 of Figure 2.

, Figure 11 is a detail section taken on line 11-11 of Figure 1.

Figure 12 is a detail section taken on line 12-12 of Figural.

Figure 13 is a detail sectional view taken on line 1313 of Fi ure 1.

As shown on the rawings:

The carburetor is formed in a single uni-' tary casing of which a float chamber is denoted as a whole by the reference numeral 1, a carbureting chamber by the reference numeral 2, and an outlet mixture passa e by the reference numeral 3, with an attac 1- ing flange 4, formed on the outer end of said outlet passage, whereby the carburetor may be attached to the manifold of an engine. Formed in an extension beneath the carbureting chamber 2, is a dash pot 5, having an upper end wall 6, affording a artition 6, between the same and the car ureting chamber, and closed at its lower end by a closure 7. The interior of the dash pot chamber 5, is in communication with the float chamber 1, through a passage 8, which is shown in Figure 7 so that said dash pot chamber is at all times filled with fuel.

Threaded intothe lower enclof the float chamber 1, is a passaged plug 9, and threaded thereinto is another passaged plug 10, which serves to clamp an annular or ring member 11, sealingly on the lower end of the float chamber, and said annular mem .ber 11, is provided with an inlet pipe 12, to

admit fuel into the float clramber. A screen 13, is disposed around the lower end of said passaged plug member 9, through which the fuel is admitted through the annular member 11, for passage into the float chamber. A spun metal float 14, is provided within the float chamber serving to control the movements of an admission valve for fuel through said associated plug members 9 and 10, in a manner well known in the art, and. therefore not shown or described in detail. A view aperture provided with a disk of glass 15, is provided in one wall of the float chamber to ascertain the level of fuel therein, and said float chamber is closed at its upper end by a cover 16.

Secured into the upper end of the air inlet chamber 2, is a valve tube member 17, which may be threaded so as to be capable of adjustment in the carburetor casing. Adjustable to move into open and closed position with the lower end of said valve tube, is an automatic air inlet valve 18, mounted on the upper end of a tubular stem 19, which is slidably mounted through an apertured boss formed on the floor or partition wall 6. At its lower end, said stem is provided with a piston 20, which is movable with respect thereto and is adapted to move with said stem within the dash pot chamber 5. A plurality of a ertures 21, are rovided through said piston 20, and a dish 22, is secured in fixed relation upon the valve stem adapted to close over said apertures during downward movement of the stem as the piston is forced upwardly against said disk, thus preventing a flow of fluid through said apertures from beneath the piston to the portion of the dash pot chamber thereabove.

As clearly shown in Figure 1, a threaded lug member 23, is engaged through the ottom closure member 7, of the dash pot chamber, and is held secured in adjusted position by a lock nut 24, and is provided with an upright stem 25 upon which rests a tapered stem or metering pin 26, extend-' ing upwardly within the tubular valve stem 19, thus affording a closure for the lower end thereof whereby. an opening of increasing area is provided by downward movement of the stem with reference to said fixed metering pin. Threaded into the upper end of the tubular valve stem 11), is a closure plug 27, and held compressed therebeneath is a spring 28, which bears upon the upper end of the metering pin 26, to maintain the same in stationary relation upon the supporting pin 25. therefor.

As clearly shown in Figures 1 and 12.

pair of pins 29, are secured transversely in right angled relation through the upper end of the metering pin 26. which bear against the side walls of the tubular valve stem 19, thus maintaining said metering pin centralized therewithin. Said air inlet valve mem ber 18, is cored out to afford outlet fuel passages 30, clearly shown in Figures 1 and 10, and these passages communicate with an annular recess 31, formed in said valve member, which is in register with passages 32, formed in the side walls of the tubular valve stem 19. Threaded adjustably upon the upper end of the tubular valve stem 19, is a conical shield closure 33, which, when threaded downwardly, moves into close relation with'the outer periphery of the valve means? member 18, thereby restricting the annular outlet recess for emission of the fuel. In order to maintain said shield closure member in adj usted'position, the interior surface of the upper cylindrical portion thereof is serrated, as shown in detail in Figure 11, and a pair of spring impelled detents 34, are provided mountedwithin a transverse aperture through the plug 27, to bear upon the interior serrated surface of the shield closure element, to frictionally' hold the same against accidental movement. The adjustable shield closure element 33, is the high speed adjustment of the carburetor.

A compression spring. 35, is coiled about said tubular valve stem 19, bearing 11 wardly beneath the valve 18, to normal y thrust the same u wardly into closed relation with the va ve tube 18, said spring bearing downwardly upon the boss formed on said partition or floor member 6. Communicating into one side of the air inlet chamber 2, co-axial with the outlet mixture passage 3, is an air inlet port into which is secured a hood orshield member 36, having an opening at its lower end for admission of air, and secured to the carburetor casing by means of screws or bolts 37. A stem 38, is secured axially in said hood or shield 36, extending intothe carbureting chamber 2, of the carburetor, and slidably mounted thereon is a valve 39. Pivoted at the entrance end of the outlet passage 3, to corn trol the flow of fluid from the carbureting chamber ,2, tlie'reinto, is a butterfly valve 40, connected to the inner end of the valve member 39, by links 41, one on each side of'the'valve stem 19. Said valve 40 is constructed of such diameter relative to the diameter of the passage 3 as to allow of the establishment of a' proper pressure drop within the mixling chamber. A universal connection for said links 41, is provided on the valve member 39, comprisin a rectangu lar member 42. to which said inks 41, are pivoted, and which in turn is pivoted at its upper and lower ends upon lugs 43, formed on the valve member'39. A pair of lugs 44. are formed .on the under surface of the automatic air valve 18, and pivoted thereto are links 45, which are in turn pivoted to the links 41, as clearly shown in Figure 1.

Threaded through an aperture in the lower wall of the outlet passage 3, is an upright fuel nozzle 46, and formed beneath said nozzle is a small fuel chamber 47, closed by a threaded plug 48, said fuel chamber receiving fuel through a passage 49, communicating therewith and with the dash pot chamber 5. A tubular needle valve 50, having fuel passages tlierethrough, is provided to regulate the area'of o ening of the aperture at the up er end 0 the nozzle 46, and

said needle va ve is provided with a notched filler plug 51,;gmounted in the upper end sleeve element 52, and bears downwardly upon the filler plug 51, of thencedle valve, to normally impel said needle valve towards closed relation with the fuel nozzle lGQ An outer cylindrical shell 54, is secured around the lower end of the needle valve 50, extending slightly below the upper end of the nozzle 46, and said shell, at its uppenend,

is provided with apertures in register with outlet assages which are formed through the walls of the tubular needle valve.

As shown in detail in Figure 4, a notch 55, is provided in the filler plug 51, and engaged therein is a tail extension or tooth 56, of a small crank 57, which is pivoted on the upper end of said member 52, upon extensions provided for the purpose. Said crank 57, is provided with a set screw 58, having a knurled head 59, for adjustment of the same, which is held in different positions by a spring detent 60, mounted in an extension of said crank. .lournalled upon the upper end of the member 48, as clearly shown in Figure 1, is a lever 61, having a cam-shaped or eccentric collar or ring 62,

adapted, when said lever 61, is rotatedon the sleeve member 52, to thrust the end of the set screw 58, outwardly therefrom to elevate the tooth 56, and, consequently lift the needle valve 50.

An attaching or binding post 63, is provided on the outer end of the lei'er 61, for attachment of an actuating lever or wire therethrough.

Mechanism is provided for introducing raw gasoline from the carburetor into the manifold of the engine at two different points beyond the throttle valve, which is denoted by the reference numeral 64. and is pivoted at the outlet end ,of the passage 3, as clearly shown in Figures 1 and 2, being actuatable by a lever 65, on the exterior of the carburetor casing, as shown in Figure 3. For this purpose, a passage 66, is cored. within the carburetor casing communicating with the float chamber 1, as clearly shown in Figure 6, leading upwardly therefrom and communicating into a tubular boss 67. as clearly shown in Figure 9, formed-on the exterior top wall of the carburetor passage 3. Slidably mounted within said tubular boss 67. is a small piston 68, an exited sion of which projects outwardly through an opening at one end of said boss-67, said piston is impelled by a coil spring 69, and seated against a closure plug or cap 70, threaded into the end thereof.

Another passage 71. is formed within the top wall of the outlet passage 3, of the carburetor, and communicates into said tubular boss 67, at another point therein from the point of communication of the passage 66, and said passage 71, leads forwardly through the carburetor casing. and communicates into the passage 3. beyond the closed position of the throttle valve, as clearly shown in Figure 8. Another passage 72, is cored within the top wall of the carburetor casing, leading o utw a r (lly through the inner wall surface of the casing at a point beyond the throttle valve 64, as clearly shown in Figures 1 and 2. The tubular needle valve 50, is provided with a port 73, near its upper end, adapted to register with said passage 72, when the lever 61, is swung rearwardly or counterclockwise into its extreme position to elevate said needle valve 50, so that a flow of fuel may take place through said pivoted needle valve and passage 72, into the manifold of the engine beyond the closed throttle valve.

A downwardly bent lever or arm 71, is formed upon the lever 61, as clearly shown in Figures 2 and 6, and is so disposed that when said lever 61, is swung rearwardly as previously described to an extreme position, said arm 74, will strike against the extension of the piston 68, thrusting the same inwardly so that the outlet passage 71. from said tubular boss 67, will be opened, and in other words, direct communication effected between the passages 66 and 71. As a consequence, the suction draft from the engine will be transmitted through said communicating passages 66 and 71. to the fuel in the float chamber, and raw fuel will be drawn upwardly therethrough and introduced into the manifold of the engine. This suction effect, of course, is greatest when the throttle valve 64. is closed, thus shutting off the air supply through the carburetor, and is desirable in starting a motor.

The operation is as follows:

The control of the quantity of fuel mixture flowing from the carburetor to the engine is effected entirely by the adjustment of the throttle valve 64, but adjustment of said throttle valve has no effect directly upon the adjustment of the fuel or air inlet means of the carburetor, these means operating automatically to form a proper fuel mixture for all cond'tions of operation of the engine. The draf induced through the carburetor by the engine causes the automatic air inlet valve 18, to be drawn downwardly, and movement of this valve is transmitted to the butterfly valve 40, through the short links 45, which depress the long levers 41, to swing said butterfly valve 40, toward open position. The valve 40 has the effect of delaying the opening of the valves 18 and 39 until the introduction of sufiicient fuel for acceleration is assured. By the proper relative proportioning of these valves, a desirable smooth acceleration may be attained. As the draft through the car uretor increases, the automatic valve 18, is drawn still further downwardly, thus not only swinging the long levers 41, downwardly to open the butterfly valve 40, but thrusting the same forwardly so as to draw the disk valve 39, inwardly to open the auxiliary air port through the hood or shield 36. In any event, downward movement of the air valve 18, serves to open fuel inlet means, due to relative movement of the tubular valve stem 19, with respect to the stationary metering pin 26, which normally serves to close the lower end of said tubular'valve stem. The fuel is admitted upwardly through the tubular valve stem, and is distributed through the passages 30, formed in the inlet valve 18, to the outer periphery thereof, the flow being governed at this point by adjustment of the conical shield or closure member 33. and the fuel so supplied is directed into the path of the entering air at the point of greatest velocity thereof so that a thorough atomization of the fuel is assured.

The fuel nozzle 46, mounted within the outlet passage 3, is normally open a predetermined amount so that for idling speeds of the engine, suflicient fuel for the purpose will be drawn through said nozzle 46. The adjustment of the normal opening of the nozzle 46, is readily effected by turning the knurled head 59, of the set screw 58, mounted in the crank 57, which maintains the needle valve elevated against the stress of its spring 53. V

If it is desired to increase the quantity of fuel admitted to the mixture in the carburetor, as for instance, when the motor is cold, the lever 61, may he swung rearwajrdly an amount desired to rotate the cam 62, which, by causing movement of the crank 57, will elevate the needle valve slightly more than the normal amount for which it is adjusted.

Means are provided for introducing raw gasoline directly into the manifold of the engine from the carlmretor, as for instance, when it is desired to start the engine. For this purpose, the lever 61, referred to, is swung counterclockwise or rearwardly, into its extreme position so that the extension 7 4, thereon, will strike the extension of the piston 68, in the small tubular boss 67, thereby thrusting said piston inwardly against the stress of its compression spring and o ening communication between the passages 1 and 66, the latter of which leads directly into the float chamber of the carburetor. Thus, with the throttle valve closed to choke of? inlet of air to the manifold of the engine, the suction is exerted through said passages 71 and 66, to draw raw fuel into said manifold around the closed throttle valve. Of course,

even with the throttle valve open, if sumcient suction exists, raw fuel may be drawn through said passages 71 and 66, when in communication with one another, due to proper a justment of the lever 61,

The pi ton 20, which is loosely mounted upon the lower end of the tubular valve stem 19, operates when the valve stem is thrust downwardly due to opening movements of said automatic valve, to force fuel under pressure past the meteringpin 26, upwardly through the valve stem for distribution around the periphery oi said automatic valve, according to the adjustment of the closure shield 33, thereon. The disk 22, which is secured rigidly upon the lower end of the tubular valve stem, serves to prevent fluttering of said automatic air valve 18, and acts further as a closure for the apertures 21, in said piston when the valve stem is thrust downwardly, as the piston moves upwardly and seals thereagainst, but, of course, with upward movement of the valve stem and disk 22, the piston falls away from said disk 22, a slight amount, permitting flow of fluid from the upper portion of the dash pot chamber downwardly through the apertures 21, in the piston.

llhe fuel nozzle i6, afiords an extremely ecient means for carburetio'n of air owing to the fact that a certain quantity of air is drawn upwardly through the shell or sleeve 54, past the annular fuel orifice of the nozzle 46, and upwardly with the fuel through the passages in the needle valve itself for emission throu h the side outlet port at the middle portion t ereof. Furthermore, a flow of fuel mixture may take place through the port Z3, in the upper end of the tubular needle valve '59, through the passage F2, cored within the carburetor casing,

around the throttle valve fi l. That is, when said throttle valve is closed and said lever 56, is swung into its rearward extreme position described, a supply of raw fuel will be drawn upwardly through the open needle valve nozzle id, through the tubular needle valve and through the passage 7523, directly into the manifold of the engine.

it am aware that various details of construction may he varied through a wide range witl'iout departing from the principles of this invention, and 5 therefore do not purpose limitin the patent granted otherwise than necess tated by the prior art.

I claim as my invention:

1. in a carburetor oi the class described, a mixing chamber, an air inlet chamber communicating therewith, a float chamber, automatic air inlet valve mounted to control the inlet of air into the air inlet chamber, a valve adapted he opened by movement of air inlet valve to admit further quantities of airinto said air inlet chamber, a valve connected for operation with the automatic air inlet valve control ling the flow from said air inlet chamber into the mixing chamber, fuel nozzles for carbureting the air introduced into the carburetor, and means for controlling the flow of mixture from the carburetor.

2. In a carburetor of the class described, fuel inlet'means, an air inlet valve, a spring normally resisting opening movement thereof, a mixing chamber, a valve controlling the flow of mixture therefrom, a valve, disposed to control the flow into said mixing chamber, a slidable auxiliary valve to control inlet of air to the carburetor, levers connecting said auxiliary valve with said 11 inlet valve to the mixing chamber, and, links connecting said first mentioned air inlet valve to said levers, whereby movement of said first mentioned valve serves to actuate said auxiliary valve and mixing chamber inlet valve.

3. In a carburetor of the class'described, a fuel supply means. a mixing chamber, a valve controlling the how of mixture therefrom, an air inlet chamber, an automatic air inlet valve mounted therein, an auxiliary valve also mounted tocontrol the flow of air into the air inlet chamber, a butterfly valve mounted to control the flow from the air inlet chamber into the mixing chamber, levers connecting said butterfly valve with said sleeve valve, and links connecting said inlet airvalve with said levers whereby movement of said air inlet valve serves to open said butterfly valve and subsequently open said auxiliary valve.

4:. In a carburetor of the class described, a mixing chamber, an air inlet chamber, fuel supply means, an automatic air inlet valve for admitting air into the inlet'chamher, a butterfly valve mounted to control the flow from the air inlet chamber into the mixing chamber, connections between said air inlet valve and said butteriiy valve whereby the same are opened proper tionately dependent upon movement of the air inlet valve, and an auxiliary valve connected with said butterfly valve and having an accelerating movement with-respect to the movement of the butterfly valve to ward wide open position.

5. In a carburetor, a throttle, an air inlet, a valve for controlnng the carbureting pmsage between said air inlet and said throtthe, fuel inlets, including one between said valve and said throttle and one between said air inlet and said valve, suction operated means for controlling said air inlet, said valve and said lastnamed fuel inlet, manual means for controlling the fuel in let nearest said throttle.

ii. in a carburetor, fuel inlet means air inlet including wo ports, val. s, one controlling seenor? said Hill -mechanism connecting said valves, said mechanism including a pivot and two link members between said pivot and the first of said valves formin nearly a straight line and la connection between the second of said valves and one of said members at a distance from said pivot, whereby in the first part of the opening movement of said valves the first one will open more slowly, and in the later part of said movement the second one will open more slowly.

7. In a carburetor, fuel inlet means an air inlet including two ports, two vali es, one controlling each of said ports, link mechanism connecting said valves, said mechanism including a pivot and two link members between said pivot and the first of said valves forming nearly a straight line, and a connection between the second of said valves and one of said members at a distance from said pivot, whereby in the first part of the openin movement of said valves, the first one wil o n more slowly, and in the latter part of said movement, the second one will open more slowly, and a butterfly valve on said pivot controlledby said mechanism.

8. In a carburetor, a mixing chamber, a plurality of air inlets thereinto, a fuel inlet, a passage affording an outlet for fuel mixture from the mixing chamber, a valve movably mounted in each of the air inlets, a valve between the mixing chamber and said passa e, mechanical connections assuring simu taneous movement of said valves, and a throttle valve in said passage, the first and second mentioned valves bein so relatively proportioned as to cause a clay in the introduction of additional air from the air inlets until after the introduction of sufiicient fuel to carburet such additional air is assured.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES L. RAYFIELD. Witnesses:

Cream W. HILLS, Jr., 

